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- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.234
-
-
-
- Theobromine is also present in differing amounts in different kinds of
- chocolate. Cocoa powder has none; milk chocolate relatively little.
- Dark chocolate has more and baking/bitter chocolate has quite a bit.
-
- 3. Poisonous houseplants
-
- (from Carlson & Giffin.)
-
- * That give rash after contact with the skin or mouth:
- (mums might produce dermatitis)
-
- chrysanthemum poinsettia creeping fig
- weeping fig spider mum pot mum
-
- * Irritating (toxic oxalates), especially the mouth gets swollen;
- tongue pain; sore lips; some swell so quickly a tracheotomy is
- needed before asphyxiation:
-
- arrowhead vine majesty boston ivy
- neththytis ivy colodium pathos
- emerald duke red princess heart leaf (philodendron)
- split leaf (phil.) saddle leaf (phil.) marble queen
-
- * Toxic plants - may contain wide variety of poisons. Most cause
- vomiting, abdominal pain, cramps. Some cause tremors, heart and
- respiratory and/or kidney problems, which are difficult for
- owner to interpret:
-
- amaryllis elephant ears pot mum
- asparagus fern glocal ivy ripple ivy
- azalea heart ivy spider mum
- bird of paradise ivy sprangeri fern
- creeping charlie jerusalem cherry umbrella plant
- crown of thorns needlepoint ivy
-
- 4. Poisonous outdoor plants
-
- (from Carlson & Giffin.)
-
- * Produce vomiting and diarrhea in some cases:
-
- delphinium poke weed indian tobacco
- daffodil bittersweet woody wisteria
- castor bean ground cherry soap berry
- indian turnip fox glove skunk cabbage
- larkspur
-
- * May produce vomiting, abdominal pain, and in some cases diarrhea
-
- horse chestnut buckeye western yew apricot, almond
- rain tree monkey pod english holly peach, cherry
- privet wild cherry mock orange
- japanese plum american yew bird of paradise
- balsam pear english yew black locust
-
- * Varied toxic effect
-
- rhubarb buttercup moonseed
- spinach nightshade may apple
- sunburned potatoes poison hemolock dutchman's breeches
- tomato vine jimson weed mescal bean
- loco weed pig weed angel's trumpet
- lupine water hemlock jasmine
- dologeton mushrooms matrimony vine
- dumb cane
-
- * Hallucinogens
-
- marijuana periwinkle morning glory
- peyote nutmeg loco weed
-
- * Convulsions
-
- china berry nux vomica coriaria
- water hemlock moon weed
-
- N. Aging.
-
- Although aging is irreversible, some of the infirmities of an older
- dog may in fact be due to disease and therefore correctable or
- preventable. It is important for any dog over six years of age to be
- examined thoroughly every six months.
-
- 1. Behavioral changes
-
- (summarized from Carlson & Giffin)
-
- Older dogs are more complacent, less energetic and curious. They may
- be forgetful, and sleep more. Crankiness and irritability are common.
- They are less tolerant of changes in the environment; in particular
- you may wish to have someone come by and check the dog at home rather
- than kennel it when you leave on vacation. Older dogs in hospitals
- and kennels go off their feed, become overanxious, and bark frequently.
-
- 2. Physical changes
-
- (summarized from Carlson & Giffin)
-
- Loss of muscular tone and lessened activity may result in the neck and
- body becoming more bulky, but the legs more thin. Resistance to cold
- is impaired and older dogs should always have a warm and draft-free
- bed. Arthritic dogs may need a padded surface on which to sleep.
-
- Moderate exercise helps keep the joints supple, and should be
- encouraged, but not beyond its ability to do so. Also, some
- conditions, such as heart trouble, may necessitate restraining it from
- exercise. Toe nails will require more frequent trimming. Stiffening
- joints may make it more difficult for the dog to keep its genital and
- anal areas clean. The skin may dry out and require some care to keep
- it clean and less dry.
-
- Loss of hearing and sight may occur. Tooth and gum disease is fairly
- common. Kidney failure and disease is more common (look for increased
- thirst and other symptoms of kidney failure). Incontinence (mostly in
- older spayed females, treatable with estrogen) may appear.
-
- An older dog needs less calories; the food must be of high quality so
- that it still gets the nutrition it needs with fewer calories.
-
- 3. Geriatric Vestibular Disorder
-
- Common in older dogs, apparently something happens neurologically in
- the connection between the brain and the inner ear (sometimes
- infection, sometimes inflammation). Very little is actually known
- about it, but it does tend to subside after about a day or so.
- Unfortunately, the dog is generally unable to eat or drink, as it is
- completely disoriented.
-
- Dogs rarely show any enduring effects from such an episode other than
- sometimes their head leaning or tilting to one side.
-
- ----------------
- This file is Copyright (c) 1992 by Cindy Tittle Moore. It may be
- freely distributed in its entirety provided that this copyright notice
- is not removed. It may not be sold for profit nor incorporated in
- commercial documents without the author's written permission.
-
- Cindy Tittle Moore
- Internet: tittle@ics.uci.edu UUCP: ...!ucbvax!ucivax!tittle
- Bitnet : cltittle@uci USmail: PO BOX 4188, Irvine CA 92716
- ----------------
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu rec.pets.dogs:24198 news.answers:4600
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!usenet
- From: tittle@ics.uci.edu (Cindy Tittle Moore)
- Newsgroups: rec.pets.dogs,news.answers
- Subject: rec.pets.dogs: Introduction FAQ
- Supersedes: <dogs-faq/introduction_721807216@athena.mit.edu>
- Followup-To: poster
- Date: 15 Dec 1992 18:59:11 GMT
- Organization: University of California at Irvine: ICS Dept.
- Lines: 872
- Sender: tittle
- Approved: news-answers-request@mit.edu
- Expires: 28 Jan 1993 18:59:02 GMT
- Message-ID: <dogs-faq/introduction_724445942@athena.mit.edu>
- Reply-To: tittle@ics.uci.edu
- NNTP-Posting-Host: pit-manager.mit.edu
- X-Last-Updated: 1992/09/26
-
- Archive-name: dogs-faq/introduction
- Version: 2.4
- Last-modified: 25 September 1992
-
- This is one (of ten) of the FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) Lists
- for rec.pets.dogs. It is posted on a monthly basis: updates,
- additions, and corrections (including attributions) are always
- welcome: send email to one of the addresses below.
-
- The ten parts are all archived at pit-manager.mit.edu (18.172.1.27) in
- the directory /pub/usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq. The files are:
- introduction, new, health-care, medical-info, training, working,
- AKC-titles, misc1, misc2, and references. To obtain the files, first
- try ftp to pit-manager.mit.edu and look under that directory. If ftp
- does not work from your site, then try the mail server: send email to
- mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu with
-
- send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/introduction
- send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/new
- send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/health-care
- send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/medical-info
- send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/training
- send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/working
- send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/AKC-titles
- send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/misc1
- send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/misc2
- send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/references
-
- in the body of the message (leave the subject line empty). If you
- don't want all of them, include only the lines of the ones you want.
- You do have to repeat the path information for each file.
-
- Changes and additions indicated with |'s.
-
- I. Introduction
-
- A. Introduction to rec.pets.dogs.
- B. FAQ's for rec.pets.dogs.
- C. Acronyms.
- D. Abbreviations.
- E. Glossary.
- F. Kennel Clubs.
- G. Mailing Lists.
- H. Acknowledgements.
-
-
- A. Introduction to rec.pets.dogs.
-
- Rec.pets.dogs is a newsgroup devoted to domestic canine issues. This
- group can be friendly and helpful. Flamewars are generally limited to
- several topics: crating dogs, training by the Koheler method, docking
- and cropping, animal rights activism, wolf hybrids and pit-bull (or
- other breed) dog bans. New readers are advised against starting these
- topics up on the newsgroup as long, protracted, and inflammatory
- discussions often ensue. The facts pertaining to these controversial
- topics are covered in the FAQ's. This is not to say that these topics
- are forbidden from discussion on rec.pets.dogs, but that readers would
- greatly appreciate it if you checked out what the FAQ had to say on
- them to make sure you have something new to contribute.
-
- This newsgroup was formed in the summer of 1991. It is a splinter
- group from rec.pets, which originally carried the canine as well as
- other topics. Joe DiBenedetto proposed the split and collected the
- votes, which proved more than enough for its official creation.
-
- Michael Mahler attempted a FAQ in 1991 that consisted of compiled but
- unedited articles saved from the net. Due to time constraints, he
- gave up the project, and I received copies of the articles that he had
- saved and incorporated much of them in here from other readers. I
- have heard of other attempts at FAQ's well, but no real details.
-
- 1. Charter
-
- There exists no official charter for this group. However,
- unofficially, this group exists to discuss anything related to
- canines.
-
- 2. Asking questions
-
- By all means, ask questions on this newsgroup, that's what this is
- for. Most of us are more than happy to help you out. There are some
- things you might want to keep in mind, though:
-
- Is it a frequently asked question? If you have a question about
- housetraining, for example, you might find the answer in one of the
- group's FAQ. It's entirely possible you have a question not covered
- in the FAQ, but it helps to check first.
-
- Are you giving us enough information? Sometimes people ask brief
- questions that don't get the responses they wanted. This is often
- because the brevity of the question leads many readers to infer other
- possibilities. In particular, questions like "I want a dog that stays
- outside," "I want a dog for the kids, what's a good one," "I want a
- dog for protection" will generate many followups that are concerned
- with whether or not you really should get a dog, along with
- recommendations of books that you should read first. If you've
- already done your homework, by all means, take the extra time to
- describe that in your request so that you can get more useful
- responses.
-
-
- B. FAQ's for rec.pets.dogs.
-
- 1. Ten monthly posted FAQ's
-
- There are ten FAQ's, split up by topic rather than by length. All
- nine are posted regularly. The first one, "Introduction," is this
- file, which gives a brief description of this group, details common
- acronyms, includes a glossary, describes several national kennel
- clubs, and thanks the people who made this all possible. The second,
- "New Owners, New Dogs," is aimed at new dog owners and puppies. Thus
- it contains information on the needs of puppies and helps the new or
- inexperienced owner get started. The third, "Health Care Issues," is
- an overview of the sort of health issues every dog owner should know
- about: basic information on vaccinations, how to tell when something
- is wrong, etc. The fourth FAQ, "Canine Medical Information," gives
- detailed information on a number of diseases and other problems that
- dogs can have. The fifth FAQ, "Dog Behavior, Problems and Training,"
- outlines the way dogs think and presents common behavioral problems
- along with suggested constructive solutions. In addition, it dicusses
- training methods, communication with your dog, and suggests ways for
- teaching basic commands. The sixth FAQ, "Companion and Working Dogs"
- covers the amazing variety of things that dogs can do. The seventh,
- "American Kennel Club Titles," covers AKC test requirements and
- discusses showing. It also briefly discusses breed clubs associated
- with the AKC and titles obtainable through those clubs. The eighth
- and ninth FAQs, "Assorted Topics," contains a variety of topics that
- did not fit any particular theme, such as wolf-hybrids, breeding, and
- allergies. The last and tenth FAQ is a simple compendium of the
- references that are liberally sprinkled throughout the other FAQ's,
- plus additional books, articles, catalogues, mail-order companies and
- organizations.
-
- There is certainly room for more FAQ's -- the world of dog fanciers is
- a wide one indeed! In general, I welcome suggestions on ways to
- improve FAQ's or construct new ones. I am particularly appreciative
- of written-up contributions. The format of the FAQ's has been chosen
- to provide individually useful files. Each of the files is also less
- than 65K in order to meet mailer standards. Most mailers can handle
- 100K or more, but there are some out there that have a limit of 65K,
- so I tried to accomodate those.
-
- 2. Table of contents across the FAQ's
-
- I. Introduction
-
- A. Introduction to rec.pets.dogs.
- B. FAQ's for rec.pets.dogs.
- C. Acronyms.
- D. Abbreviations.
- E. Glossary.
- F. Kennel Clubs.
- G. Acknowledgements.
-
- II. New Owners, New Dogs.
-
- Prologue.
- A. What Kind of Dog?
- B. What are My Responsibilities?
- C. Where?
- D. Veterinarians.
- E. Puppies.
- F. Puppy-Proofing Your Home.
- G. Feeding Your Puppy.
- H. Teething.
- I. Chew Toys.
- J. Preliminary Training.
- K. Socialization of Puppies.
- L. Housetraining Your Puppy.
- M. Living with Other Pets.
- N. People Food.
-
- III. Health Care Issues
-
- Prologue
- A. In General.
- B. Dental Care.
- C. Trimming Nails.
- D. Overheating.
- E. Neutering.
- F. Bathing.
- G. Skin Problems.
- H. Vaccinations.
- I. Disease Transmission (Zoonoses).
- J. Worms.
- K. Pills and Dosing.
- L. Vomiting.
- M. Poisons.
- N. Aging.
-
- IV. Canine Medical Information
-
- Prologue
- A. Anal Sacs.
- B. Anesthetics.
- C. Breathing Disorders.
- D. Bloody Stools.
- E. Brucellosis.
- F. Canine Parvovirus (CPV).
- G. Chrondodysplasia (CHD or Chd).
- H. Distemper.
- I. Eye Problems.
- J. Gastric Torsion (gastric dilation, torsion complex).
- K. Heartworms.
- L. Hip Dysplasia (HD, or C(anine)HD).
- M. Infectious Canine Hepatitis.
- N. Kennel Cough (Infectious Tracheobronchitis).
- O. Kidney Failure.
- P. Leptospirosis.
- Q. Osteochondrosis Dissecans (OCD).
- R. Thyroid Disorders.
-
- V. Dog Behavior, Problems and Training.
-
- A. Understanding Your Dog.
- B. Principles Behind Dominance.
- C. Dominance Problems.
- D. Housetraining Problems.
- E. Submissive Urination.
- F. Other Common Problems.
- G. Comments on Obedience Training
- H. Attention.
- I. Corrections.
- J. Using Food.
- K. Training and Corrective Collars.
- L. Learning to Sit.
- M. Down, Stay, Off.
- N. Heeling.
- O. Learning Recall.
- P. Beyond Basic Obedience.
-
- VI. Companion and Working Dogs.
-
- A. Dogs for the Blind
- B. Hearing and Signal Dogs.
- C. Canine Companions for Independence.
- D. Therapy Dogs.
- E. Search and Rescue Dogs.
- F. Water Rescue Dogs.
- G. Narcotics and Evidence Dogs.
- H. Schutzhund.
- I. Police Dogs.
- J. Sled Dogs.
- K. Gaming Dogs.
-
- VII. American Kennel Club Titles
-
- A. Showing.
- B. Conformation.
- C. Obedience.
- D. Field and Hunting.
- E. Tracking.
- F. Herding.
- G. Championships.
- H. Other AKC Titles.
- I. AKC Breed Clubs.
-
- VIII. Assorted Topics (Part I).
-
- A. Acquiring Older Dogs.
- B. A New Baby.
- C. Breeding is Not Easy.
- D. Crate Training.
- E. Docking and Cropping.
- F. Dog Food Analyses and Comparisons.
- G. Dog Vision.
- H. Early Neutering.
- I. Example of a Spay/Neuter Contract.
- J. Facts and Opinions about Neutering.
- K. Finding a Home for a Dog.
- L. Guard or Protection Dogs.
- M. Housetraining Topics.
- N. Invisible and Electric Fences.
-
- IX. Assorted Topics (Part II).
-
- A. Owner Allergies.
- B. Pet Doors.
- C. Pet Identification and Theft.
- D. Pet Insurance.
- E. Pet Sitting and Kennel Services.
- F. Record Keeping.
- G. Removing Odors and Stains.
- H. Separation Anxiety.
- I. Showing and Breeding your Purebred Dog.
- J. Travel and International Travel.
- K. Vicious Dogs.
- L. Wolves and Wolf Hybrids.
-
- X. References.
-
- A. Books.
- B. Articles.
- C. Companies and Catalogues.
- D. Magazines.
- E. Organizations.
-
- 3. FAQ's for particular breeds
-
- In addition to these monthly posted FAQ's, there are available FAQ's
- for specific breeds. These are posted rarely, perhaps once or twice a
- year. They are available via anonymous ftp to pit-manager.mit.edu
- (18.172.1.27) under pub/usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/<breed>. For the
- exact file name, check the name in parentheses after the breed. If you
- do not have anonymous ftp, send email to mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu
- with "send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/<breed>" in the subject line,
- leaving the message body empty. For example, to reference Bloodhounds,
- you would use usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/bloodhounds.
-
- If you do not see your favorite breed below, send me email if you want
- to put one together yourself! (Addresses are at the end of this
- post.) I only wrote one of these, as a guide for the rest of them.
- These FAQ's have been contributed by fellow rec.pets.dogs readers.
-
- Currently, FAQ's are available for:
-
- Bloodhounds (bloodhounds).
- Collies (collies).
- Greyhounds (greyhounds).
- Labradors (labradors).
-
- C. Acronyms.
-
- New readers frequently have trouble understanding the acronyms that
- have developed in this group. Other acronyms are widely used among
- dog fanciers.
-
- A partial listing (feel free to send in contributions):
-
- 1. General acronyms
-
- AHBA American Herding Breeds Association.
- AKC: American Kennel Club.
- AWTA: American Working Terrier Association.
- ALF: Animal Liberation Front (USA animal rights activist group).
- ASCA: Australian Shepherd Club of America
- BIS: Best in Show.
- BOB: Best of Breed (male or female).
- BOS: Best Opposite Sex (to BOB).
- BW: Best of Winners.
- CEA: Collie Eye Anomaly.
- CERF: Canine Eye Registration Foundation: registers "normal eyed dogs".
- CHD/HD: Hip Dysplasia.
- CKC: Canadian Kennel Club.
- CPI: Canine Parainfluenza.
- CPV: Canine Parvovirus.
- DHLPP: Distempter, Hepatitis, Leptospirosis, Parainfluenza, Parvovirus shot
- FDSB: Field Dog Stud Book; a registry of pointing dogs published by the
- American Field Publishing Company. Many pointing dogs are dual
- registered AKC/FDSB.
- GSD: German Shepherd Dog.
- IM(H)O: In My (Honest/Humble) Opinion.
- KC: Kennel Club (of Great Britain).
- KPC/T: Kindergarten Puppy Class/Training.
- NQ'd: Not Qualified -- disqualified from the ring
- OES: Old English Sheepdog.
- OCD: Osteochondrosis Dissecans (separation of joint cartilage)
- OFA: Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (hip certification).
- PETA: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (USA animal rights
- activist group).
- PRA: Progressive Retinal Atrophy.
- RBKC: Rare Breed Kennel Club.
- ROM: Register of Merit, awarded by parent clubs of specific breeds.
- RWB: Reserve Winner's Bitch.
- RWD: Reserve Winner's Dog.
- SKC: States Kennel Club (mainly active in the South and New England)
- UKC: United Kennel Club.
- WB: Winner's Bitch.
- WD: Winner's Dog.
- WH: Wolf Hybrids.
-
- 2. Titles
-
- CD: (AKC) Companion Dog.
- CDX: (AKC) Companion Dog Excellent.
- UD: (AKC) Utility Dog.
- OTCH: (AKC) Obedience Trial Champion.
-
- JH: (AKC) Junior Hunter.
- SH: (AKC) Senior Hunter.
- MH: (AKC) Master Hunter.
-
- TD: (AKC) Tracking Dog.
- TDX: (AKC) Tracking Dog Excellent.
-
- UDT: (AKC) Utility Dog Tracking.
-
- HT: (AKC) Herding Tested.
- PT: (AKC) Pre-Trial Tested.
- HS: (AKC) Herding Started.
- HI: (AKC) Herding Intermediate.
- HX: (AKC) Herding Excellent.
- HCH: (AKC) Herding Champion.
-
- FTC: (AKC) Field Trial Champion.
- AFC: (AKC) Amateur Field Champion.
- NFC: (AKC) National Field Champion.
- NAFC: (AKC) National Amateur Field Champion.
-
- CGC: (AKC) Canine Good Citizen.
-
- CD: (CKC) Companion Dog.
- CDX: (CKC) Companion Dog Excellent.
- UD: (CKC) Utility Dog.
- OTCH: (CKC) Obedience Trial Champion.
- UDT: (CKC) Utility Dog Tracker (abbrev. for UD TD)
- UDTX: (CKC) Utility Dog Tracker Excellent (UD TDX)
-
- HIC, HC (AHBA) Herding [Instinct] Certified.
-
- CG: (AWTA) Certificate of Gameness, soon to be an AKC title
- WC: (AWTA) Working Certificate (only dogs who go to ground)
- AGHC: (AWTA) Above Ground Hunting Certificate
-
- CH: Champion, usually with country in front of it, e.g., Br. CH,
- Am. CH, Can. CH. A number of different kennel clubs offer
- CH. titles.
-
- Sch I,
- II, III (Schutzhund) consecutive working titles
- FH: (Schutzhund) Fahrtenhund (advanced tracking title, comparable to TDX)
- AD: (Schutzhund) Ausdauer (endurance test)
- VB: (Schutzhund) Traffic Secure.
-
- TT: (American Temperament Test Society) Temperament test.
-
- STD: (ASCA) Started Trial Dog (s/d/c suffix: sheep, ducks, cattle).
- OTD: (ASCA) Open Trial Dog (same suffixes).
- ATD: (ASCA) Advanced Trial Dog (same suffixes).
-
- HR: (UKC) Hunter Retriever
- HRCH: (UKC) Hunter Retriever Champion
- GR HRCH:(UKC) Grand Hunter Retriever Champion
-
- TDI: Therapy Dogs International
-
-
- D. Abbreviations
-
- Dobie: Doberman Pinscher.
- Golden: Golden Retriever.
- Lab, esp. Yellow/Black Lab: Labrador Retriever.
- Mal: Alaskan Malamute.
- Newfie: Newfoundland.
- Parvo: Canine Parvovirus.
- Rottie: Rottweiler.
- Sheltie: Shetland Sheepdog.
- Sib: Siberian Husky.
-
-
- E. Glossary
-
- alpha: Dogs recognize intricate social hierarchies. The one "on top"
- is "alpha." Alpha can also be relative, denoting which of a pair of
- dogs dominates the other. Packs include humans where applicable, and
- owners should always be alpha to their dogs.
-
- bitch: A female dog. Not used in a derogatory sense.
-
- bitchy: A male dog showing female characteristics (e.g., in size
- and weight).
-
- bloom: Glossiness of coat.
-
- brace: A pair of dogs.
-
- brisket: Front of chest between forelegs.
-
- brood bitch: Female used for breeding.
-
- coupling: That part of the body between the shoulders and hips; some
- dogs are short coupled and others are longer coupled (aka "standing
- over more ground").
-
- crabbing: A dog that moves toward you with its body at an angle
- rather than straight on. Also called side-wheeling or side-winding.
-
- croup: The portion of the back directly above the hind legs, before
- the tail.
-
- dam: The female parent.
-
- dewclaws: Rudimentary toes often removed shortly after birth.
-
- dewlap: The skin on the throat.
-
- dish faced: Where the tip of the nose is higher than the stop.
-
- dog: 1. Any dog, male or female. 2. A male dog, especially when used
- in conjunction with bitch.
-
- doggy: A female dog showing male characteristics, especially in weight
- and size.
-
- eyeteeth: The upper canines.
-
- flews: Pendulous upper lips.
-
- heat: The mating period for bitches.
-
- hocks: The joints above the pasterns of the legs.
-
- pad: The cushioned part of the foot.
-
- pastern: The part of the leg below the knee in rear legs.
-
- Schutzhund: A German-developed training regimen for protective work
- used world-wide. Only strong, determined, and aggressive dogs do well
- with Schutzhund. Both dogs and bitches have been trained in
- Schutzhund. German Shepherd Dogs are traditionally associated with
- Schutzhund, but medium to large dogs of any breed may be so trained.
-
- second thigh: The area of the hindquarters between the hock and the
- stifle.
-
- septum: The vertical line between the nostrils.
-
- show dog: A dog bred for conformation to its breed standard and shown
- in competition on that basis.
-
- sire: The male parent.
-
- stifle: The upper joint of the rear legs, corresponding to humans' knees.
-
- stop: The point between a dog's eyes.
-
- stud: Male dog used for breeding.
-
- withers: The highest point of the shoulders, right behind the neck.
-
-
- F. Kennel Clubs.
-
- (condensed from _Reader's Digest Illustrated Book of Dogs_., pgs 368-377)
-
- There are organizations set up around the world for animals. Although
- the character of each differs, the basic responsiblities of a kennel
- club include:
-
- * Recognizing breeds. The criteria for being recognized varies a
- great deal from country to country.
-
- * Maintaining breed registries. Issues certificates of registration
- to owners of dogs that qualify.
-
- * Compiling stud books. Traces ancestries of registered dogs as far
- back as records have been kept for that breed.
-
- * Establishing breed standards. Publishes descriptions of the ideal
- dog for each breed, to help with judging breeds in show.
-
- * Sponsoring dog shows and trials. Enforces procedures to be
- followed to insure merited reception of awards.
-
- * Approval of judges, and judging procedures. Sets standards of
- knowledge for a judge.
-
- Often, national kennel clubs accept as members or affiliates canine
- clubs devoted to particular breeds that sponsor their own
- competitions. Other independent clubs set their own breed standards.
-
- Although show trials are the most common, where a dog's appearance is
- the sole criterion for awards, outdoor competition is also popular:
- hunting, tracking, obedience, herding, and lure-coursing are some of
- the alternatives. In these only performance counts.
-
- 1. American Kennel Club
-
- AKC
- 51 Madison Avenue
- New York, NY 10010
-
- See American Kennel Club Titles FAQ for more information.
-
- 2. Australian National Kennel Council
-
- ANKC
- Administrative Buildings
- Royal Showgrounds, Ascot Vale
- 3032, Victoria
-
- Each of the eight Australian states/territories has its own canine
- club, but the controlling body is ANKC. Established in 1958, its
- objective is to propose uniform policies and procedures for all of
- Australia, although member clubs are not compelled to adopt any of the
- procedures. There are only minor administrative differences, however,
- and champions in one state are recognized as such in others.
-
- Major Australian show classes are
- Baby puppies (4-6 mos)
- Minor puppies (6-9 mos)
- Puppy class (6-12 mos)
- Junior class (6-18 mos)
- Intermediate class (18mos to 3yrs)
- Australian-bred class (6mos and over, born in Australia)
- Open class (any dog, generally 1yr and over)
-
- Ear cropping is illegal in Australia, and ANKC considers dogs with
- cropped ears ineligible for registration.
-
- The judging system is based on points, accumulated from being judged
- Best of Sex; the number of points reflects the number of competitors
- over which the dog won (with minimum and maximum limits). Dogs are
- judged by breed standards established by the Kennel Club (Britain),
- except for breeds of Australian origin. Highest title: Breed Champion.
-
- ANKC groups:
- Toy
- Sporting terrier
- Gun dog
- Hound
- Working
- Utility
- Non-sporting
-
- 3. Canadian Kennel Club
-
- CKC
- 89 Skyway Avenue
- Rexdale, Ontario M9W 6R4
-
- The club was formed in 1888 when Canadians became determined to have
- their own club after AKC's four year inclusion of Canada in its
- beginning. The two clubs have worked closely together since then, e.g.,
- reciprocal recognition of each other's stud books and judges. There
- are similar judging systems, many common regulations, and most of the
- same breed standards.
-
- The judging system is based on points. A dog must accumulate 10
- points under at least three different judges at shows held under CKC
- regulations. Points are awarded based on the number of dogs in
- competition and handed to each Best of Sex winner. Up to five
- additional points may be awarded should the dog then place in its
- group or win Best in Show.
-
- They also sponsor obedience trials and tracking tests. They offer CD,
- CDX, UD, OTCH (equivalent to UD [?]), TD, and TDX. The CKC offered
- TDX before the AKC did -- American tracking enthusiasts used to go to
- Canada for TDX because nothing past TD was offered in the US.
-
- Unusually among kennel clubs, the CKC is responsible to the federal
- government in registering its dogs. Selling a pure-bred puppy without
- first registering it carries penalties. Pedigreed dogs must be
- identified on registration forms by either tattoo or noseprint.
-